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HistoryThe word Sanskrit means completed, refined, perfected. Sam (together) + krtam (created). The knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and educational attainment, and was closely governed by the analyses of grammarians. This form of the language evolved out of the earlier "Vedic" form, and scholars often distinguish Vedic from Classical as separate languages. However, they are extremely similar in most regards, differing only in a few points of phonology, vocabulary, and grammar.Vedic is named for the Vedas the earliest sacred texts of India and the base of the Hindu religion, which were composed in Vedic. The earliest of the Vedas, the Rīgveda, was composed in the middle of the second millennium BC. The Vedic form survived until the middle of the first millennium BC. It is around this time that Sanskrit made the transition from a first language to a second language of religion and learning, marking the beginning of the Classical period. A form of Sanskrit called Epic Sanskrit is seen in the Mahabharata and other Hindu epics. This includes more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than Classical Sanskrit proper. There is also a language dubbed "Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit" by scholars, which is actually a prakrit ornamented with Sanskritized elements, perhaps for purposes of ostentation.There is a strong genetic relationship between the various forms of Sanskrit and the Middle Indo-Aryan "Prakrits", or vernacular languages, (in which, among other things, most early Buddhist texts are written) and the modern Indic languages. The Prakrits are probably descended from Vedic or something like it, and there is mutual interchange between later forms of Sanskrit and various Prakrits. There has also been much reciprocal influence between Sanskrit and the Dravidian languages.The Vedic form of Sanksrit is a close descendant of Proto-Indo-European, the theorized root of all later Indo-European languages. Vedic Sanskrit is the oldest member of the Indo-Aryan sub-branch of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family. It is very closely related to Avestan, the language of Zoroastrianism. The genetic relationship of Sanskrit to modern European languages and classical Greek and Latin can be seen in cognates like mother and matr or father and pitr. Other interesting links are to be found between Sanskritic roots and Persian (the language of modern-day Iran), present in such a striking example as the generic term for 'land' which in Sanskrit is sthaan and in Persian staan.European scholarship in Sanskrit, initiated by Heinrich Roth and Johann Ernest Hanxleden, led to the proposal of the Indo-European language family by Sir William Jones, and thus played an important role in the development of Western linguistics. Indeed, linguistics (along with phonology, etc.) first arose among Indian grammarians who were attempting to catalog and codify Sanskrit's rules. Modern linguistics owes a great deal to these grammarians, and to this day, key terms for compound analysis are taken from Sanksrit. The oldest surviving Sanskrit grammar is Pạ̄nini's c. 500 BC Ạṣtādhyāyī ("8 Chapter Grammar").History of Sanskrit courtesy of Wkipedia
Our name translations are not literal, nor do we suggest they are.
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